(Arabic_MFA_dictionary_v2_0_0)= # Arabic MFA dictionary v2.0.0 ``````{dictionary} Arabic MFA dictionary v2.0.0 :id: "Arabic MFA dictionary v2_0_0" :tags: Arabic;MFA;IPA :language: "Arabic" :dialect: N/A :layout: mfa :template: dictionary_template :phoneset: "MFA" :license: "CC BY 4.0" ```{include} ../../../../dictionary/arabic/mfa/v2.0.0/README.md :start-after: "## Dictionary details" :end-before: "## Installation" ``` `````` ```{include} ../../../../dictionary/arabic/mfa/v2.0.0/README.md :start-after: "new)." ``` ## IPA Charts ### Consonants Obstruent symbols to the left of {fas}`circle;ipa-dot` are unvoiced and those to the right are voiced. ``````{list-table} :header-rows: 1 :stub-columns: 1 :class: consonant_chart table-striped table-bordered * - Manner - Labial - Labiodental - Dental - Alveolar - Alveopalatal - Palatal - Velar - Uvular - Pharyngeal - Glottal * - {manner}`Nasal` - ```{ipa_cell} * other * m * Occurrences: 3663 * Examples * قامَ: [q oː m] * دمع: [d æ m æ ʕ æ] * مزر: [m ɪ z r] * متنوع: [m ʊ t æ n æ wː ɪ ʕ] * mː * Occurrences: 166 * Examples * تذمر: [t æ ð æ mː ɑ r ɑ] * طمرة: [tˤ ʊ mː ɑ r ɑ] * أعمى: [ʔ ʊ ʕ æ mː aː] * جمعي: [dʒ æ mː ɪ ʕ iː] ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} * other * n * Occurrences: 3417 * Examples * زنخ: [z æ n ɪ χ æ] * انقلب: [ɪ n q ɑ l æ b æ] * دند: [d æ n d] * نورج: [n æ w r ɑ dʒ] * nː * Occurrences: 151 * Examples * مسن: [m ɪ s æ nː] * صنارة: [sˤ ɪ nː ɑː r ɑ] * بَنَّ: [b ɪ nː æ] * تمنى: [t æ m æ nː aː] ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` * - {manner}`Stop` - ```{ipa_cell} * voiceless * p * Occurrences: 10 * Examples * بكين: [p ɪ k iː n] * نيبال: [n ɪ p aː l] * voiced * b * Occurrences: 2803 * Examples * بزاق: [b ʊ z ɑː q] * لعبة: [l æ ʕ b æ] * انقلب: [ɪ n q ɑ l æ b æ] * غباء: [ɣ æ b aː ʔ] * bː * Occurrences: 171 * Examples * أزْبّ: [ʔ æ z æ bː] * أطباء: [ʔ ɑ tˤ ɪ bː aː ʔ] * أبدp: [ʔ æ bː æ d æ] * صّبَر: [sˤ ɑ bː ɑ r ɑ] ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} * voiceless * t * Occurrences: 2151 * Examples * رزتاق: [r ʊ z t ɑː q] * تذمر: [t æ ð æ mː ɑ r ɑ] * متنوع: [m ʊ t æ n æ wː ɪ ʕ] * ثمن: [t æ m æ n] * tː * Occurrences: 65 * Examples * بُتةُ: [b æ tː æ] * فتة: [f æ tː aː t] * متحد: [m ʊ tː æ ħ ɪ d] * ستة: [s ɪ tː æ] * tˤ * Occurrences: 995 * Examples * طيهوج: [tˤ iː h uː dʒ] * طمرة: [tˤ ʊ mː ɑ r ɑ] * طاش: [tˤ ɑː ʃ æ] * سطع: [s ɑ tˤ ɑ ʕ æ] * tˤː * Occurrences: 38 * Examples * خطُةُ: [χ ʊ tˤː ɑ] * عطن: [ʕ ɑ tˤː ɑ n æ] * قطارة: [q ɑ tˤː ɑː r ɑ] * مسطح: [m ʊ s ɑ tˤː ɑ ħ] * voiced * d * Occurrences: 1902 * Examples * دمع: [d æ m æ ʕ æ] * دند: [d æ n d] * دون: [d uː n æ] * دِنو: [d ʊ n ʊ wː] * dː * Occurrences: 177 * Examples * جدا: [dʒ ɪ dː æ n] * استبد: [ɪ s t æ b æ dː æ] * مدع: [m ʊ dː æ ʕ ɪ n] * نددُ: [n æ dː æ d æ] * dˤ * Occurrences: 503 * Examples * أنُضب: [ʔ æ n dˤ ɑ b æ] * ضجة: [dˤ ɑ dʒː æ] * أجهض: [ʔ æ dʒ h ɑ dˤ ɑ] * عرمض: [ʕ ɑ r m ɑ dˤ] * dˤː * Occurrences: 31 * Examples * تقِضب: [t ɑ q ɑ dˤː æ b æ] * وضب: [w ɑ dˤː æ b æ] * وضح: [w ɑ dˤː æ ħ æ] * وضاح: [w ɑ dˤː aː ħ] ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} * voiceless * k * Occurrences: 1287 * Examples * إياكُ: [ʔ ɪ jː aː k æ] * كبَر: [k æ b ʊ r ɑ] * كوكب: [k æ w k æ b] * كعبة: [k æ ʕ b æ] * kː * Occurrences: 86 * Examples * مكة: [m æ kː æ] * أكار: [ʔ æ kː ɑː r] * فكُ: [f æ kː æ] * مبكر: [m ʊ b æ kː ɪ r] * voiced * ɡ * Occurrences: 196 * Examples * قامَ: [ɡ aː m] * قَاعة: [ɡ aː ʕ æ] * جنس: [ɡ æ n s] * قنبر: [ɡ a m b r ɪ] * ɡː * Occurrences: 6 * Examples * حجّ: [ħ æ ɡː] * شقة: [ʃ ɪ ɡː æ] ``` - ```{ipa_cell} * voiceless * q * Occurrences: 1933 * Examples * رزتاق: [r ʊ z t ɑː q] * قامَ: [q oː m] * بزاق: [b ʊ z ɑː q] * انقلب: [ɪ n q ɑ l æ b æ] * qː * Occurrences: 76 * Examples * وقع: [w ɑ qː ɑ ʕ æ] * انُشق: [ɪ n ʃ ɑ qː ɑ] * زقوم: [z ɑ qː uː m] * حقا: [ħ ɑ qː ɑ n] ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} * voiceless * ʔ * Occurrences: 2483 * Examples * إياكُ: [ʔ ɪ jː aː k æ] * غباء: [ɣ æ b aː ʔ] * إفرند: [ʔ ɪ f r ɪ n d] * أعمى: [ʔ æ ʕ m aː] ``` * - {manner}`Affricate` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} * voiceless * tʃ * Occurrences: 10 * Examples * تشيلي: [tʃ iː l iː] * voiced * dʒ * Occurrences: 1467 * Examples * نورج: [n æ w r ɑ dʒ] * طيهوج: [tˤ iː h uː dʒ] * جدا: [dʒ ɪ dː æ n] * خجول: [χ æ dʒ uː l] * dʒː * Occurrences: 60 * Examples * ضجة: [dˤ ɑ dʒː æ] * عجور: [ʕ æ dʒː uː r] * لَجِّ: [l æ dʒː æ] * رجْعُ: [r ɑ dʒː æ ʕ æ] ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` * - {manner}`Sibilant` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} * voiceless * s * Occurrences: 2315 * Examples * مسيح: [m æ s iː ħ] * عيسى: [ʕ iː s aː] * نسرين: [n ɪ s r iː n] * سعةُ: [s æ ʕ æ] * sː * Occurrences: 101 * Examples * جسم: [dʒ æ sː æ m æ] * حساسي: [ħ æ sː aː s ɪ jː] * أَمسٌ: [ʔ æ m æ sː æ] * مماس: [m ʊ m aː sː] * sˤ * Occurrences: 792 * Examples * غصب: [ɣ ɑ sˤ ɑ b æ] * راقصُ: [r ɑː q ɑ sˤ ɑ] * حرقوص: [ħ ɑ r q uː sˤ] * صاروج: [sˤ ɑː r uː dʒ] * sˤː * Occurrences: 68 * Examples * حصل: [ħ ɑ sˤː ɑ l æ] * تعصب: [t æ ʕ ɑ sˤː ɑ b æ] * حُصاد: [ħ ɑ sˤː ɑː d] * لصق: [l ɑ sˤː ɑ q ɑ] * voiced * z * Occurrences: 796 * Examples * رزتاق: [r ʊ z t ɑː q] * زنخ: [z æ n ɪ χ æ] * بزاق: [b ʊ z ɑː q] * مزر: [m ɪ z r] * zː * Occurrences: 59 * Examples * أرْزُ: [ʔ ɑ r ɑ zː æ] * أعزَ: [ʔ æ ʕ æ zː] * هزة: [h æ zː æ] * كزاز: [k ʊ zː aː z] ``` - ```{ipa_cell} * voiceless * ʃ * Occurrences: 1143 * Examples * شام: [ʃ aː m æ] * طاش: [tˤ ɑː ʃ æ] * خشخاش: [χ æ ʃ χ aː ʃ] * شياف: [ʃ ɪ j aː f] * ʃː * Occurrences: 31 * Examples * مرشةُ: [m ɪ r ɑ ʃː æ] * خشاب: [χ æ ʃː aː b] * تشالة: [t æ ʃː aː l æ] * تعشق: [t æ ʕ æ ʃː ɑ q ɑ] * voiced * ʒ * Occurrences: 26 * Examples * جنس: [ʒ ɪ n s] * جِو: [ʒ æ wː] * جنازة: [ʒ n aː z æ] * ترجم: [t ɑ r d ʒ æ m æ] * ʒː * Occurrences: 2 * Examples * حجّ: [ħ æ ʒː] ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` * - {manner}`Fricative` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} * voiceless * f * Occurrences: 1696 * Examples * عرف: [ʕ ɑ r f] * إفرند: [ʔ ɪ f r ɪ n d] * قْافُ: [q ɑː f] * شياف: [ʃ ɪ j aː f] * fː * Occurrences: 85 * Examples * جاف: [dʒ aː fː] * تفاحة: [t ʊ fː aː ħ æ] * ظفر: [ðˤ æ fː ɑ r ɑ] * تفاح: [t ʊ fː aː ħ] * voiced * v * Occurrences: 41 * Examples * فيديو: [v iː d j oː] * فيروس: [v aː j r uː s] * لاتفي: [l aː t v ɪ jː] ``` - ```{ipa_cell} * voiceless * θ * Occurrences: 375 * Examples * ثمن: [θ æ m æ n] * ثُور: [θ æ w r] * ثعلُب: [θ æ ʕ l æ b] * ثورة: [θ æ w r ɑ] * θː * Occurrences: 26 * Examples * انبث: [ɪ m b æ θː æ] * جثة: [dʒ ʊ θː æ] * ممثل: [m ʊ m æ θː ɪ l] * خِث: [χ ʊ θː] * voiced * ð * Occurrences: 364 * Examples * تذمر: [t æ ð æ mː ɑ r ɑ] * بذلة: [b æ ð l æ] * أنقذ: [ʔ æ n q ɑ ð æ] * فولاذ: [f uː l aː ð] * ðː * Occurrences: 22 * Examples * أذن: [ʔ æ ðː æ n æ] * مغذ: [m ʊ ɣ æ ðː ɪ n] * جذر: [dʒ æ ðː ɑ r ɑ] * رذُ: [r ɑ ðː æ] * ðˤ * Occurrences: 178 * Examples * حنظل: [ħ æ n ðˤ æ l] * قّيظّ: [q ɑ j ðˤ] * حنظلة: [ħ æ n ðˤ æ l æ] * قرظُ: [q ɑ r ɑ ðˤ] * ðˤː * Occurrences: 28 * Examples * موظفة: [m ʊ w ɑ ðˤː æ f æ] * عظم: [ʕ ɑ ðˤː æ m æ] * منظمة: [m ʊ n ɑ ðˤː æ m æ] * نظف: [n ɑ ðˤː æ f æ] ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} * voiceless * χ * Occurrences: 755 * Examples * زنخ: [z æ n ɪ χ æ] * خشخاش: [χ æ ʃ χ aː ʃ] * خجول: [χ æ dʒ uː l] * خطُةُ: [χ ʊ tˤː ɑ] * χː * Occurrences: 31 * Examples * أخذ: [ʔ æ χː æ ð æ] * جخى: [dʒ æ χː aː] * شخص: [ʃ æ χː ɑ sˤ ɑ] * نخل: [n æ χː æ l æ] ``` - ```{ipa_cell} * voiceless * ħ * Occurrences: 1431 * Examples * حياة: [ħ æ j aː h] * مسيح: [m æ s iː ħ] * انحاز: [ɪ n ħ aː z æ] * لاح: [l aː ħ æ] * ħː * Occurrences: 38 * Examples * صححَ: [sˤ ɑ ħː æ ħ æ] * سحِمَ: [s æ ħː æ m æ] * صُحّي: [sˤ ɪ ħː ɪ jː] * زحافة: [z æ ħː aː f æ] * voiced * ʕ * Occurrences: 1886 * Examples * دمع: [d æ m æ ʕ æ] * لعبة: [l æ ʕ b æ] * عليل: [ʕ æ l iː l] * عرف: [ʕ ɑ r f] ``` - ```{ipa_cell} * voiceless * h * Occurrences: 1099 * Examples * حياة: [ħ æ j aː h] * طيهوج: [tˤ iː h uː dʒ] * بهر: [b æ h ɑ r ɑ] * هابيل: [h aː b iː l] ``` * - {manner}`Approximant` - ```{ipa_cell} * other * w * Occurrences: 1283 * Examples * نورج: [n æ w r ɑ dʒ] * كوكب: [k æ w k æ b] * تزويد: [t æ z w iː d] * أوحد: [ʔ æ w ħ æ d] * wː * Occurrences: 131 * Examples * دون: [d æ wː æ n æ] * متنوع: [m ʊ t æ n æ wː ɪ ʕ] * دِنو: [d ʊ n ʊ wː] * نُورَ: [n æ wː ɑ r ɑ] ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} * other * j * Occurrences: 1139 * Examples * حياة: [ħ æ j aː h] * بناية: [b ɪ n aː j æ] * طيهوج: [tˤ ɑ j h uː dʒ] * زانية: [z aː n ɪ j æ] * jː * Occurrences: 1045 * Examples * إياكُ: [ʔ ɪ jː aː k æ] * دين: [d æ jː æ n æ] * حبشي: [ħ æ b æ ʃ ɪ jː] * مخيم: [m ʊ χ æ jː æ m] ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` * - {manner}`Trill` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} * other * r * Occurrences: 4245 * Examples * رزتاق: [r ʊ z t ɑː q] * تذمر: [t æ ð æ mː ɑ r ɑ] * مزر: [m ɪ z r] * عرف: [ʕ ɑ r f] * rː * Occurrences: 248 * Examples * عرف: [ʕ ɑ rː ɑ f æ] * أقر: [ʔ ɑ q ɑ rː ɑ] * زرشك: [z ɑ rː ɑ ʃ k] * مبرة: [m æ b ɑ rː ɑ] ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` * - {manner}`Lateral` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} * other * l * Occurrences: 2807 * Examples * لعبة: [l æ ʕ b æ] * عليل: [ʕ æ l iː l] * انقلب: [ɪ n q ɑ l æ b æ] * قلب: [q ɑ l b] * ɫː * Occurrences: 268 * Examples * قلب: [q ɑ ɫː ɑ b æ] * محل: [m æ ħ ɑ ɫː] * أطل: [ʔ ɑ tˤ ɑ ɫː ɑ] * استدل: [ɪ s t æ d ɑ ɫː ɑ] ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` `````` ### Vowels Vowel symbols to the left of {fas}`circle;ipa-dot` are unrounded and those to the right are rounded. ``````{list-table} :header-rows: 1 :stub-columns: 1 :class: vowel_chart table-striped table-bordered * - - Front - Near-Front - Central - Near-Back - Back * - Close - ```{ipa_cell} * unrounded * iː * Occurrences: 1594 * Examples * عليل: [ʕ æ l iː l] * طيهوج: [tˤ iː h uː dʒ] * مسيح: [m æ s iː ħ] * عيسى: [ʕ iː s aː] ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} * rounded * uː * Occurrences: 1320 * Examples * دون: [d uː n æ] * طيهوج: [tˤ iː h uː dʒ] * خجول: [χ æ dʒ uː l] * حرقوص: [ħ ɑ r q uː sˤ] ``` * - - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} * unrounded * ɪ * Occurrences: 5233 * Examples * زنخ: [z æ n ɪ χ æ] * إياكُ: [ʔ ɪ jː aː k æ] * مزر: [m ɪ z r] * انقلب: [ɪ n q ɑ l æ b æ] ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} * rounded * ʊ * Occurrences: 3049 * Examples * رزتاق: [r ʊ z t ɑː q] * بزاق: [b ʊ z ɑː q] * تذمر: [t æ ð æ mː ʊ r] * لعبة: [l ʊ ʕ b æ] ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` * - Close-Mid - ```{ipa_cell} * unrounded * e * Occurrences: 48 * Examples * قارب: [ʔ ɑː r e b] * قهوة: [k æ h w e] * آخرة: [ʔ aː χ r e] * حلبة: [ħ ɪ l b e] * eː * Occurrences: 45 * Examples * بوصلة: [b uː sˤ l eː] * بيرو: [b eː r uː] * جنيه: [ɡ ʊ n eː h] * ويكة: [w eː k æ] ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} * rounded * o * Occurrences: 74 * Examples * لورد: [l o r d] * بوصلة: [b o sˤ l æ] * موسكو: [m o s k oː] * طرمبة: [tˤ r o m b æ] * oː * Occurrences: 103 * Examples * قامَ: [q oː m] * توغو: [t oː ɣ oː] * وارسو: [w ɑ r s oː] * يوليو: [j uː l ɪ j oː] ``` * - - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` * - Open-Mid - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` * - - ```{ipa_cell} * unrounded * æ * Occurrences: 12024 * Examples * زنخ: [z æ n ɪ χ æ] * قامَ: [q ɑː m æ] * تذمر: [t æ ð æ mː ɑ r ɑ] * دمع: [d æ m æ ʕ æ] ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` * - Open - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} * unrounded * a * Occurrences: 43 * Examples * قنبر: [ɡ a m b r ɪ] * خنزير: [χ a n z iː r] * عبقري: [ʕ a b q ɑ r ɪ] * فهرس: [f a h r ɑ s] * aː * Occurrences: 3663 * Examples * قامَ: [ɡ aː m] * إياكُ: [ʔ ɪ jː aː k æ] * حياة: [ħ æ j aː h] * غباء: [ɣ æ b aː ʔ] ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} * unrounded * ɑ * Occurrences: 5823 * Examples * تذمر: [t æ ð æ mː ɑ r ɑ] * عرف: [ʕ ɑ r f] * انقلب: [ɪ n q ɑ l æ b æ] * نورج: [n æ w r ɑ dʒ] * ɑː * Occurrences: 1855 * Examples * رزتاق: [r ʊ z t ɑː q] * قامَ: [q ɑː m æ] * بزاق: [b ʊ z ɑː q] * طاش: [tˤ ɑː ʃ æ] ``` ``````